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Research Help

Introduction

The research process involves a number of skills and techniques. Using a combination of the skills and techniques outlined here will help you find information related to your assignments.

Use our Research Checklist to:

  • help remind you of the different research techniques
  • keep track of what you use in your research process.

Basic Techniques

Brainstorming

Brainstorming at the beginning of your project can make the process easier later on. Write down keywords, places to search (e.g. databases), and other ideas that come to mind about the topic so you can refer to them if you get stuck later on.

Use your assignment description and rubric when brainstorming keywords, you might find some helpful terminology there to include in your searches.

 

Keywords

Keywords, also referred to as search terms, are words that represent the main ideas of your topic. These words are considered the most important, (or the key), ideas, concepts, or subjects about which you’re looking for information. 

  • For example, if your research question is “How does prejudice impact Indigenous peoples in Canada’s health care system?” the main ideas, or keywords, would be:
    • Indigenous
    • prejudice
    • Canada
    • health care

Have a look at the Search Strategies section of this guide for a quick explanation of how to determine keywords for your search and how to combine them for effective searching.

Synonyms

  • When searching the keywords of your topic, it can be helpful to use synonyms. 
  • It’s possible that different terms are used to describe your topic, so searching for alternative words that mean the same thing can be helpful.
  • For example:
    • Negative, deficit, barriers
    • Positive, effective

Background Information

It can be helpful to acquire some basic background knowledge on your topic. Use this information to:

  • familiarize yourself with the terminology used
  • gain a basic understanding of the topic
  • inform your research process and to select relevant keywords.

Places to look for background information are:

  • Textbooks or books that provide an overview of the subject
  • Wikipedia
NOTE: Colleges and universities do not recommend the use of Wikipedia article content in student assignments. However, it can be a reasonable source for background information to inform your research process. Also, a Wikipedia article’s list of references is a good place to look for some reliable and credible information.
  • Government websites
  • Association websites (e.g. Canadian Mental Health Association)

Where to Look for Information

To familiarize yourself with these and other common sources of information, read through the Finding Information page of this guide. This will also help you determine which sources are appropriate for finding information for your assignment.

Interlibrary Loan

If you aren’t able to access the full text of an article or source, fill out our Library Materials Request form and we’ll work to bring the item in for you.

Additional Techniques

Subject Headings

Subject headings are controlled language used by databases to organize information into subject areas. Think of it like tagging photos with hashtags (#) to describe what’s in the picture.

Subject headings are unique to each database, so be aware that different terms may be used depending on where you’re searching. Look for linked terminology in the results list or limiter taskbar (often found on the left or right side of the page). You can click those linked terms to search for related results. You can also look for these terms within an article and use them as keywords for your own search. 

Databases

Databases are a collection of articles and other sources of information on a wide variety of topics. Searching for information in these can return an overwhelming number of results. You can narrow results down to more manageable numbers by using what are called limiters. A selection of limiters are usually found in sidebars beside the list of results. Use these to limit results by publication date, source type (e.g. peer reviewed journals), etc.

Citation Chaining

Once you find two or three relevant articles take a look at the reference lists from those articles. There you’ll find a list of sources the author(s) used to write their own article – just like what you’ll do for your own paper. These sources should provide further information on the subject discussed in the article.

You can request sources from the article's reference list from the library! Learn how in the Interlibrary Loan section below.

Reading Articles

You don’t necessarily have to read an entire article! Instead, look for sections called:

  • “Abstract”
  • “Discussion”
  • “Conclusion”

These will help you quickly determine whether or not the article meets your needs and is relevant. At the college level, these sections are really all you need to complete your assignments.

Find Function CTRL+f

You can search websites and PDFs for specific words by using the search function. To bring up the search box, press the CTRL and f buttons together on your keyboard. A search box will appear, usually in the right-hand corner of the page. Enter your search word or phrase and hit enter to search for it within the source.